OKAY THIS IS A SMALL QUESTION, BUT WITH A HUGE ANSWER. TOOK THE TIME TO EXPLAIN IN DETAIL FOR YOU. HOPE THIS HELPS AND HAPPY 4TH OF JULY.... HERE WE GO....
An operating system (commonly abbreviated to either OS or O/S) is an interface between hardware and user; an OS is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer. The operating system acts as a host for computing applications that are run on the machine. As a host, one of the purposes of an operating system is to handle the details of the operation of the hardware. This relieves application programs from having to manage these details and makes it easier to write applications. Almost all computers (including handheld computers, desktop computers, supercomputers, video game consoles) as well as some robots, domestic appliances (dishwashers, washing machines), and portable media players use an operating system of some type. [1] Some of the oldest models may however use an embedded operating system, that may be contained on a compact disk or other data storage device.
Operating systems offer a number of services to application programs and users. Applications access these services through application programming interfaces (APIs) or system calls. By invoking these interfaces, the application can request a service from the operating system, pass parameters, and receive the results of the operation. Users may also interact with the operating system with some kind of software user interface (UI) like typing commands by using command line interface (CLI) or using a graphical user interface (GUI, commonly pronounced “gooey”). For hand-held and desktop computers, the user interface is generally considered part of the operating system. On large multi-user systems like Unix and Unix-like systems, the user interface is generally implemented as an application program that runs outside the operating system. (Whether the user interface should be included as part of the operating system is a point of contention.)
Common contemporary operating system families include BSD, Darwin (Mac OS X), Linux, SunOS (Solaris/OpenSolaris), and Windows NT (XP/Vista/7). While servers generally run Unix or some Unix-like operating system, embedded system markets are split amongst several operating systems.[2][3]
The CD-ROM drive is configured in the config.sys and autoexec.bat system files. The CD-ROM drive device driver must be configured in the config.sys file (even if the device is automatically detected in Windows). To do this, copy the device driver to a folder on the hard drive (in the following example it is called cdrom.sys located in the "cd-rom" folder). Next you must add the line:
DEVICE=c:\cd-rom\cdrom.sys /d:CD001
(CD001 is the name you give to the CD-ROM drive...)
Next the CD-ROM controller (called mscdex.exe must be added to the autoexec.bat by adding the following line:
c:\windows\command\mscdex.exe /d:CD001
(Where CD001 is the name given to the CD-ROM drive and the drive letter that is assigned to the drive is the next letter available, so if you have hard drives D: and E:, and F: is free, then the CD-ROM drive will be assigned the letter F:. If you want to specify the letter to be assigned use the /L:Z option for example.)
Copying a file
There are to commands used to copy files in DOS: copy and xcopy.
Xcopy is the most useful, and is uses the following syntax:
xcopy source destination (where "source" is the filename and "destination" is the filename or folder name where the file is to be copied)
The entire contents of a folder can be copied by typing the name of the folder for "source". The destination must therefore be the name of a folder, it would be rather difficult to copy a folder (i.e. a group of files) into one single file!
The "/s" switch is used to copy sub-folders:
xcopy folder1 folder2 /s copirs folder1 to folder2.
Running a program from any folder
The "PATH" environment variable lets you set the folders whose contents may be accessed even if you are working from a different folder.
Syntax is as follows:
PATH=c:\dos;c:\utils;
The files located in the C:\dos and C:\utils folders may be executed regardless of which folder you are working from. If you have already specified the folders in the environment variable and you wish to add another, you can use the following command:
PATH=%PATH%;c:\folder;
which will add the folder C:\folder to the existing PATH (%PATH%)
The PATH variable has a 127 character limit as the name of variable PATH and the equal sign take up 5 characters already, there are only 122 characters left to specify the folder names
Tip to use this variable effectively make sure to:
* remove any spaces in the path command
* delete any rarely accessed folders
* give folders the shortest name possible
Mapping a folder to a drive letter
Mapping a folder to a virtual drive can be done using the subst command